Work-integrated learning (WIL) การบูรณาการการเรียนรู้กับการทำงาน

นายวินัย มะหะหมัด
บรรณารักษ์ชำนาญการ
สำนักหอสมุด มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์

          การรวมเอาการเรียนรู้ในเชิงวิชาการ กับวิชาชีพเข้าด้วยกัน โดยประยุกต์ความรู้ ทักษะการทำงาน ในชีวิตการทำงานที่แท้จริง สามารถแบ่งได้หลายรูปแบบ โดยแต่ละรูปแบบมีความแตกต่างกัน ผู้รวบรวมจึงขออนุญาตยกตัวอย่างรูปแบบของอาจารย์  สุเมธ แย้มนุ่น ได้แบ่ง WIL ไว้ 9 รูปแบบ อันได้แก่

1. การกำหนดประสบการณ์ก่อนการศึกษา (Pre-course Experience)
2. การเรียนสลับกับการทำงาน (Sandwich Course)
3. สหกิจศึกษา (Cooperative Education)
4. การฝึกงานที่เน้นการเรียนรู้หรือการติดตามพฤติกรรมการทำงาน (Cognitive Apprenticeship or Job Shadowing)

5. หลักสูตรร่วมมหาวิทยาลัยและอุตสาหกรรม (Joint IndustryUniversity Course)

6. พนักงานฝึกหัดใหม่หรือพนักงานฝึกงาน (New Traineeship orApprenticeship)

7. การบรรจุให้ทำงานหรือการฝึกเฉพาะตำแหน่ง (Placement orPracticum)

8. ปฏิบัติงานภาคสนาม (Fieldwork)
9. การฝึกปฏิบัติจริงภายหลังสำเร็จการเรียนทฤษฎี (Post-course Internship)

          รูปแบบการจัดการเรียนรู้กับการทำงาน หรือ WIL ข้างต้นนั้น ผู้สอนสามารถเลือกนำไปปรับใช้ตามความเหมาะสมกับบริบทสถานศึกษานั้นๆได้ การพัฒนาหลักสูตรที่เหมาะสมอย่างต่อเนื่องจึงเป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ควรมีการทบทวนปรับปรุงให้สอดรับกับความต้องการของผู้ประกอบการทันกับยุคสมัยในปัจจุบัน เพราะการเรียนรู้ไม่มีหยุดนิ่งเปลี่ยนแปลงได้เสมอ

ศึกษาเพิ่มเติมได้จากแหล่งสารสนเทศคัดสรรที่น่าสนใจได้ตามรายการนี้

สุเมธ แย้มนุ่น. สหกิจศึกษา: รูปแบบการจัดการศึกษาเพื่อความมั่นคงทางเศรษฐกิจ. กรุงเทพมหานคร: วิทยาลัยป้องกันราชอาณาจักร, 2547.

อลงกต ยะไวทย์, ณัฐวัฒม์ วงษ์ชวลิตกุล, and กรปรียา ใจสำราญ. "คุณลักษณะและสมรรถนะบัณฑิตสาขาวิชาการจัดการเชิงประยุกต์ตามความต้องการของตลาดแรงงานในเขตจังหวัดนครราชสีมา และข้อเสนอแนะรูปแบบการจัดการเรียนการสอนที่เหมาะสม." วารสารวิชาการบริหารธุรกิจ สมาคมสถาบันอุดมศึกษาเอกชนแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระราชูปถัมภ์ สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดาฯสยามบรมราชกุมารี 6, no. 1 (2560): 33-51. http://www.vu.ac.th/apheitvu/journal/v6n1/3_Alongkot_Yawai.pdf   

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